Windows 10

"Windows 9" redirects here. For the series of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000, see Windows 9x.

For Windows 10 on smartphones and sub 8″ tablets, see Windows 10 Mobile.

Windows 10

A version of the Windows NT operating system
Screenshot of Windows 10 Build 10130, showcasing the desktop, taskbar, Action Center, Cortana search bar and the Start menu with Live Tiles.
Developer	Microsoft
General availability	July 29, 2015; 48 days' time
Latest preview	Insider Preview (v10.0.10130) / May 29, 2015; 12 days ago
Update method	Windows Update, Windows Store,Windows Server Update Services
Platforms	IA-32, x64, ARMv7
Kernel type	Hybrid (Windows NT)
Preceded by	Windows 8.1 (2013)
Official website	www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/

Windows 10 (codenamed Threshold) is an upcoming computeroperating system being developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. First presented at a glance in April 2014 at the end of the first keynote at Build 2014, it is scheduled for general availability on July 29, 2015.^[1] It is currently in public beta testingthrough the Windows Insider program. During its first year of availability, an upgrade to Windows 10 is being offered at no charge to all consumer users of genuine Windows 7 Service Pack 1 and Windows 8.1 Update.

The goal of Windows 10 is to unify the operating systems of Microsoft'sPC, Windows Phone, Windows Embedded and Xbox One product families, as well as new product categories such as the Surface Hub andHoloLens, around a common internal core. These products will share what Microsoft calls a common, "universal" application architecture andWindows Store ecosystem that expands upon the Windows Runtimeplatform introduced by Windows 8. Windows 10 provides further integration with Microsoft services and platforms, such as the addition ofCortana (an intelligent personal assistant), a notification system that can be synchronized between devices, and new Xbox Live features. A new default web browser, Microsoft Edge, will also make its debut in Windows 10, though Internet Explorer will still be available in a reduced capacity for compatibility reasons. Microsoft has not clarified the reasoning for naming the new operating system Windows 10 instead of Windows 9.^[2]

Windows 10's user interface is an evolution of that of Windows 8, with a focus on responsiveness to the type of device and the available input methods. To improve the experience for keyboard and mouse users, Windows 10 adds a revision of the desktop start menu, similar to that of Windows 7, and a virtual desktop system, and allows Windows Store apps to run within windows on the desktop as well as in full-screen mode. The operating system will introduce new technologies and system components, including DirectX and new frameworks for biometric authentication. Unlike previous versions of Windows, Microsoft has also planned to treat Windows 10 as a "service" that will receive non-critical updates over its lifespan, in combination with periodic long-term support milestones for enterprise environment

Fifth generation computer artificial intelligence

Fifth generation computer

      The Fifth Generation Computer Systems project (FGCS) was an initiative by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry, begun in 1982, to create a computer using massively parallel computing/processing. It was to be the result of a massive government/industry research project in Japan during the 1980s. It aimed to create an "epoch-making computer" with-supercomputer-like performance and to provide a platform for future developments in artificial intelligence. There was also an unrelated Russian project also named as fifth-generation computer (see Kronos (computer)).

In his "Trip report" paper,^[1] Prof. Ehud Shapiro (which focused the FGCS project on concurrent logic programming as the software foundation for the project) captured the rationale and motivations driving this huge project:

"As part of Japan's effort to become a leader in the computer industry, the Institute for New Generation Computer Technology has launched a revolutionary ten-year plan for the development of large computer systems which will be applicable to knowledge information processing systems. These Fifth Generation computers will be built around the concepts of logic programming. In order to refute the accusation that Japan exploits knowledge from abroad without contributing any of its own, this project will stimulate original research and will make its results available to the international research community."

The term "fifth generation" was intended to convey the system as being a leap beyond existing machines. In the history of computing hardware, computers using vacuum tubes were called the first generation; transistors and diodes, the second;integrated circuits, the third; and those using microprocessors, the fourth. Whereas previous computer generations had focused on increasing the number of logic elements in a single CPU, the fifth generation, it was widely believed at the time, would instead turn to massive numbers of CPUs for added performance.

The project was to create the computer over a ten-year period, after which it was considered ended and investment in a new "sixth generation" project would begin. Opinions about its outcome are divided: either it was a failure, or it was ahead of its time.